在近期刚刚结束的G20峰会上，中美领导达成共识（dáchénggòngshí. Reach an agreement）暂停税务（shuìwù. Tax in general）上调（shàngtiáo. Upward adjustment），这可真是让众多吃瓜群众（chīguāqúnzhòng. Literally means eat melon people, it is internet lingo for bystanders, audiences）松了一口气（sōngle yīkǒuqì. Literally means release a mouthful of breath, means feel released）。
After the recent G20 summit, leaders from China and the US reach an agreement to pause any adjustment to the tariff. It is a relief to many people who have been keeping tabs on this matter.
可你知道吗？自从特朗普总统上台以来，中国不是唯一一个被增收（zēngshōu. Make increase and receive）出口税的国家。除中国以外，印度、韩国、加拿大、巴西等国家都受到了不同程度的影响。
But do you know? China is not the only country whose tariff has been raised since president Trump took office. Other than China, India, South Korea, Canada, Brazil and some other countries are affected by different degrees.
特朗普总统这一系列行为看似粗暴，其实，却件件出师有名（chūshīyǒumíng. Literally means gets out of apprenticeship with a name, means for a reasonable cause）。首先，你要简单了解一下关税（guānshuì. Custom tax, tariff）。
President Trump’s method may seem rough, but everything action has a good reason. To understand that, you need to know a bit more about the tariff.
当进出口（jìnchūkǒu. Export and import）商品出入（chūrù. Go out and go in）一国关境时，该国政府会通过海关（hǎiguān. Custom）向商品的进出口商征收（zhēngshōu. Demand to receive sth.）关税。
When import or exported goods go through a country’s border, the custom will impose a tariff on behalf of the said country’s government.
按商品流向（liúxiàng. Flow direction）分类的话，关税分为三类。外国商品进入关境时需要交进口关税，本国商品输往国外时需要交出口关税，而如果外国商品仅仅是通过本国关境则需要交过境关税。
There are three types of tariffs according to the direction of the goods’ movement. An import tariff is for foreign goods entering a country, an export tariff is for local goods exiting a country, and transit tariff is for goods pass through a custom area to another country.
为了保持本国企业的市场竞争力（shìchǎngjìngzhēnglì. Market competitiveness），大多数国家都会实行奖励出口和限制进口政策。这意味着适量减少出口关税并设置合理的进口关税。
To maintain the competitiveness of local companies, most countries implement policies which encourage export and limit import. This means to minimise export tariff and place a reasonable import tariff.
同时，除了少量的印花税（yìnhuāshuì. Stamp duty）、登记费、统计费等等，大部分国家都不征收过境关税。
In the meantime, most people do not impose transit tariff except a little bit of stamp duty, registration fee, statistics fee and etc.